This coping style may comprise affective responses such as outbursts or fantasizing reactions. It also included attempts to reframe the problem so that it no longer evokes a negative emotional response and elicits less stress. Emotion-focused coping is person-oriented and is directed at regulating emotions cued by the stressor.Task-oriented coping involves strategies aimed at taking direct action to modify the situation or generating alternative solutions to reduce the amount of stress the situation evokes.According to Endler and Parker (1992), coping styles can be categorized into three general types. ![]() Parker and Endler's Task-Oriented, Emotion-Oriented, and Avoidance-Oriented Coping (1992) − Many stress theorists believe that individuals tend to approach and respond to a range of stressful situations using a consistent style.The individual continually appraises and reappraises the environment and his or her efforts at coping with it. An individual may attempt several coping strategies, and feedback about the success of one type of effort typically spurs the person on to try it again, whereas failure encourages an individual to try a different approach or possibly give up altogether. People try to cope when they deal with the perceived discrepancy between the demands of a stressful situation and their ability to meet those demands.Ĭoping is a dynamic process. "Coping consists of efforts, both action-oriented and intrapsychic, to manage (i.e., master, tolerate, reduce or minimize) environmental and internal demands and conflicts among them" (Lazarus and Launier, 1978). What is the Meaning of Coping with Stress?Īlthough the psychological definition of coping is not far removed from the popular usage of the term, a precise definition is essential to understand the concept of coping. ![]() Sometimes people confront a problem directly and rationally, and sometimes they try to escape from or avoid the things they find threatening. People develop coping mechanisms for stress during their early years due to numerous unpleasant situations. People of all ages encounter stress and attempt to cope with it. The term "coping" has become commonplace in popular culture.
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