On p.24, the number of FTEs in 2000 was 874,000, not 849,000 we have added a footnote to explain that the growth in workforce is based on an adjustment arising from a discontinuity in the series. On p.22, we stated that output per person grew by 4.1% per year, 4.9% between 2000/01 to 2009/10 and 2.7% thereafter this has been corrected to 3.9% overall, 4.6% between 2000//11 and 2.8% thereafter. In the executive summary (p.4), we incorrectly stated that activity growth had moderated from 4.8% per annum to 2.7% this has been removed. This has been corrected to 6.0% and 1.3% in the current version of the report. With thanks to The Strategy Unit who provided the detailed analysis and modelling of activity in chapter 4 of the report, alongside guidance and comments.Ī framework for understanding health care activityĪn earlier version of this report referred to health spending in England growing by 6.6% per year in the first decade and 1.2% in the second decade of the 20th century. Social care, too, is beyond the scope of this initial report but will be the focus of subsequent analysis by the REAL Centre. We take an in-depth look at emergency and planned hospital care, mental health, community and primary care, but do not look in detail at areas such as high cost drugs or highly specialised services. We then explore what drives the remaining change, unexplained by demography.Īlthough we focus on England, many of the lessons may be relevant to the other countries of the UK. Where possible, we estimate the proportion of any change that can be explained by four demographic factors: population size, age, gender, and proximity to death. We look at the overall trends in activity and how specific services have changed. We describe how supply and demand side factors interact, and how policy can influence the care the NHS provides. We provide a framework for understanding the drivers of health care activity. In this, the REAL Centre's first report, we look back at the care and treatment provided by the NHS in England over the past two decades – as measured by health care activity. There is little sign of this policy goal being achieved.Īn understanding of the past helps us to prepare for the future. Across the past two decades, much of the policy narrative was about shifting the focus of care away from acute services towards community and primary care to prevent avoidable admissions and manage care more proactively.This has produced a major shift in the composition of spend towards hospital-based care and away from other areas. While overall health care activity has grown substantially, this growth has not been shared equally between services. Consultations in general practice have grown just 0.7% per year, while planned procedures increased 9.6%.This means that more than three quarters of the growth in NHS care since 2000/01 is the result of other factors relating to demand, supply, political priorities and health care policies. Our analysis suggests that the amount of care would have needed to grow by less than 1% a year to meet the demand pressures arising from demographic changes.Between 2000//18, the amount of NHS-funded care in England more than doubled – increasing by 114%, an annual average of 4.6% a year.Compare Standard and Premium Digital here.Īny changes made can be done at any time and will become effective at the end of the trial period, allowing you to retain full access for 4 weeks, even if you downgrade or cancel. Every year, our friends at Lodge Design help us put together an event celebrating cinema and the design community in Indianapolis. You may also opt to downgrade to Standard Digital, a robust journalistic offering that fulfils many user’s needs. If you’d like to retain your premium access and save 20%, you can opt to pay annually at the end of the trial. If you do nothing, you will be auto-enrolled in our premium digital monthly subscription plan and retain complete access for $69 per month.įor cost savings, you can change your plan at any time online in the “Settings & Account” section. For a full comparison of Standard and Premium Digital, click here.Ĭhange the plan you will roll onto at any time during your trial by visiting the “Settings & Account” section. Premium Digital includes access to our premier business column, Lex, as well as 15 curated newsletters covering key business themes with original, in-depth reporting. Standard Digital includes access to a wealth of global news, analysis and expert opinion. During your trial you will have complete digital access to FT.com with everything in both of our Standard Digital and Premium Digital packages.
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